Long-term treatment of patients with HIV-1: the role of atazanavir

BACKGROUND The introduction of highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) remains a major milestone in the management of HIV-infected patients. Protease inhibitors (PI) are commonly used as part of triple combinations, given that to antiviral potency, better tolerance and convenience has been achieved in recent years. OBJECTIVE To summarize and update evidence-based information about atazanavir (ATV) on initial, simplification, and rescue interventions in HIV patients. METHODS Review of observational and randomized trials reported in medical conferences, peer-reviewed journals, and treatment guidelines. RESULTS ATV is a second-generation PI, which has shown across studies potent antiviral activity and high genetic barrier, both in HAART-naïve patients or after virological failure. Indulgent metabolic profile, in terms of insulin glucose and lipid levels, adds value to this drug for the long-term management of HIV infection.